The General Prologue

	Whan that aprill with his shoures soote
	The droghte of march hath perced to the roote,
	And bathed every veyne in swich licour
	Of which vertu engendred is the flour;
5	Whan zephirus eek with his sweete breeth
	Inspired hath in every holt and heeth
	Tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne
	Hath in the ram his halve cours yronne,
	And smale foweles maken melodye,
10	That slepen al the nyght with open ye
	(so priketh hem nature in hir corages);	them their
	Thanne longen folk to goon on pilgrimages,
	And palmeres for to seken straunge strondes,
	To ferne halwes, kowthe in sondry londes;
15	And specially from every shires ende
	Of engelond to caunterbury they wende,
	The hooly blisful martir for to seke,
	That hem hath holpen whan that they were seeke.	them
	Bifil that in that seson on a day,
20	In southwerk at the tabard as I lay
	Redy to wenden on my pilgrymage
	To caunterbury with ful devout corage,
	At nyght was come into that hostelrye
	Wel nyne and twenty in a compaignye,
25	Of sondry folk, by aventure yfalle
	In felaweshipe, and pilgrimes were they alle,
	That toward caunterbury wolden ryde.
	The chambres and the stables weren wyde,
	And wel we weren esed atte beste.
30	And shortly, whan the sonne was to reste,
	So hadde I spoken with hem everichon	them
	That I was of hir felaweshipe anon,	their
	And made forward erly for to ryse,
	To take oure wey ther as I yow devyse.
35	But nathelees, whil I have tyme and space,
	Er that I ferther in this tale pace,
	Me thynketh it acordaunt to resoun
	To telle yow al the condicioun
	Of ech of hem, so as it semed me,	them
40	And whiche they weren, and of what degree,
	And eek in what array that they were inne;
	And at a knyght than wol I first bigynne.
	A knyght ther was, and that a worthy man,
	That fro the tyme that he first bigan
45	To riden out, he loved chivalrie,
	Trouthe and honour, fredom and curteisie.
	Ful worthy was he in his lordes werre,
	And therto hadde he riden, no man ferre,
	As wel in cristendom as in hethenesse,
50	And evere honoured for his worthynesse.
	At Alisaundre he was whan it was wonne.
	Ful ofte tyme he hadde the bord bigonne
	Aboven alle nacions in pruce;
	In lettow hadde he reysed and in ruce,
55	No cristen man so ofte of his degree.
	In gernade at the seege eek hadde he be
	Of algezir, and riden in belmarye.
	At lyeys was he and at satalye,
	Whan they were wonne; and in the grete see
60	At many a noble armee hadde he be.	army
	At mortal batailles hadde he been fiftene,
	And foughten for oure feith at tramyssene
	In lystes thries, and ay slayn his foo.	always
	This ilke worthy knyght hadde been also
65	Somtyme with the lord of palatye
	Agayn another hethen in turkye.
	And everemoore he hadde a sovereyn prys;
	And though that he were worthy, he was wys,
	And of his port as meeke as is a mayde.	bearing
70	He nevere yet no vileynye ne sayde
	In al his lyf unto no maner wight.
	He was a verray, parfit gentil knyght.
	But, for to tellen yow of his array,
	His hors were goode, but he was nat gay.
75	Of fustian he wered a gypon
	Al bismotered with his habergeon,	soiled
	For he was late ycome from his viage,
	And wente for to doon his pilgrymage.
	With hym ther was his sone, a yong squier,
80	A lovyere and a lusty bacheler,
	With lokkes crulle as they were leyd in presse.
	Of twenty yeer of age he was, I gesse.
	Of his stature he was of evene lengthe,
	And wonderly delyvere, and of greet strengthe.
85	And he hadde been somtyme in chyvachie	cavalry expeditions
	In flaundres, in artoys, and pycardie,
	And born hym weel, as of so litel space,
	In hope to stonden in his lady grace.
	Embrouded was he, as it were a meede
90	Al ful of fresshe floures, whyte and reede.
	Syngynge he was, or floytynge, al the day;
	He was as fressh as is the month of may.
	Short was his gowne, with sleves longe and wyde.
	Wel koude he sitte on hors and faire ryde.
95	He koude songes make and wel endite,
	Juste and eek daunce, and weel purtreye and write.
	So hoote he lovede that by nyghtertale.
	He sleep namoore than dooth a nyghtyngale.
	Curteis he was, lowely, and servysable,
100	And carf biforn his fader at the table.
	A yeman hadde he and servantz namo
	At that tyme, for hym liste ride so,
	And he was clad in cote and hood of grene.
	A sheef of pecok arwes, bright and kene,
105	Under his belt he bar ful thriftily,
	(wel koude he dresse his takel yemanly:
	His arwes drouped noght with fetheres lowe)
	And in his hand he baar a myghty bowe.
	A not heed hadde he, with a broun visage.
110	Of wodecraft wel koude he al the usage.
	Upon his arm he baar a gay bracer,	arm guard
	And by his syde a swerd and a bokeler,
	And on that oother syde a gay daggere
	Harneised wel and sharp as point of spere;
115	A cristopher on his brest of silver sheene.
	An horn he bar, the bawdryk was of grene;
	A forster was he, soothly, as I gesse.
	Ther was also a nonne, a prioresse,
	That of hir smylyng was ful symple and coy;
120	Hire gretteste ooth was but by seinte loy;
	And she was cleped madame eglentyne.
	Ful weel she soong the service dyvyne,
	Entuned in hir nose ful semely,
	And frenssh she spak ful faire and fetisly,
125	After the scole of stratford atte bowe,
	For frenssh of parys was to hire unknowe.
	At mete wel ytaught was she with alle:
	She leet no morsel from hir lippes falle,
	Ne wette hir fyngres in hir sauce depe;
130	Wel koude she carie a morsel and wel kepe
	That no drope ne fille upon hire brest.
	In curteisie was set ful muchel hir lest.
	Hir over-lippe wyped she so clene
	That in hir coppe ther was no ferthyng sene
135	Of grece, whan she dronken hadde hir draughte.
	Ful semely after hir mete she raughte.
	And sikerly she was of greet desport,	bearing
	And ful plesaunt, and amyable of port,	bearing
	And peyned hire to countrefete cheere
140	Of court, and to been estatlich of manere,
	And to ben holden digne of reverence.
	But, for to speken of hire conscience,
	She was so charitable and so pitous
	She wolde wepe, if that she saugh a mous
145	Kaught in a trappe, if it were deed or bledde.
	Of smale houndes hadde she that she fedde
	With rosted flessh, or milk and wastel-breed.
	But soore wepte she if oon of hem were deed,	them
	Or if men smoot it with a yerde smerte;	switch
150	And al was conscience and tendre herte.
	Ful semyly hir wympul pynched was,
	Hir nose tretys, hir eyen greye as glas,	well formed
	Hir mouth ful smal, and therto softe and reed;
	But sikerly she hadde a fair forheed;
155	It was almoost a spanne brood, I trowe;	believe
	For, hardily, she was nat undergrowe.
	Ful fetys was hir cloke, as I was war.	fashionable
	Of smal coral aboute hire arm she bar
	A peire of bedes, gauded al with grene,
160	And theron heng a brooch of gold ful sheene,
	On which ther was first write a crowned a,
	And after amor vincit omnia.
	Another nonne with hire hadde she,
	That was hir chapeleyne, and preestes thre.
165	A monk ther was, a fair for the maistrie,
	An outridere, that lovede venerie,
	A manly man, to been an abbot able.
	Ful many a deyntee hors hadde he in stable,
	And whan he rood, men myghte his brydel heere
170	Gynglen in a whistlynge wynd als cleere
	And eek as loude as dooth the chapel belle.
	Ther as this lord was kepere of the celle,
	The reule of seint maure or of seint beneit,
	By cause that it was old and somdel streit
175	This ilke monk leet olde thynges pace,
	And heeld after the newe world the space.
	He yaf nat of that text a pulled hen,
	That seith that hunters ben nat hooly men,
	Ne that a monk, whan he is recchelees,
180	Is likned til a fissh that is waterlees, --
	This is to seyn, a monk out of his cloystre.
	But thilke text heeld he nat worth an oystre;
	And I seyde his opinion was good.
	What sholde he studie and make hymselven wood,	mad
185	Upon a book in cloystre alwey to poure,
	Or swynken with his handes, and laboure,
	As austyn bit? how shal the world be served?
	Lat austyn have his swynk to hym reserved!
	Therfore he was a prikasour aright:
190	Grehoundes he hadde as swift as fowel in flight;
	Of prikyng and of huntyng for the hare
	Was al his lust, for no cost wolde he spare.
	I seigh his sleves purfiled at the hond
	With grys, and that the fyneste of a lond;	expensive squirrel fur
195	And, for to festne his hood under his chyn,
	He hadde of gold ywroght a ful curious pyn;
	A love-knotte in the gretter ende ther was.
	His heed was balled, that shoon as any glas,
	And eek his face, as he hadde been enoynt.
200	He was a lord ful fat and in good poynt;
	His eyen stepe, and rollynge in his heed,
	That stemed as a forneys of a leed;
	His bootes souple, his hors in greet estaat.
	Now certeinly he was a fair prelaat;
205	He was nat pale as a forpyned goost.
	A fat swan loved he best of any roost.
	His palfrey was as broun as is a berye.
	A frere ther was, a wantowne and a merye,
	A lymytour, a ful solempne man.
210	In alle the ordres foure is noon that kan
	So muchel of daliaunce and fair langage.
	He hadde maad ful many a mariage
	Of yonge wommen at his owene cost.
	Unto his ordre he was a noble post.
215	Ful wel biloved and famulier was he
	With frankeleyns over al in his contree,
	And eek with worthy wommen of the toun;
	For he hadde power of confessioun,
	As seyde hymself, moore than a curat,
220	For of his ordre he was licenciat.
	Ful swetely herde he confessioun,
	And plesaunt was his absolucioun:
	He was an esy man to yeve penaunce,
	Ther as he wiste to have a good pitaunce.	knew
225	For unto a povre ordre for to yive
	Is signe that a man is wel yshryve;
	For if he yaf, he dorste make avaunt,
	He wiste that a man was repentaunt;	knew
	For many a man so hard is of his herte,
230	He may nat wepe, althogh hym soore smerte.
	Therfore in stede of wepynge and preyeres
	Men moote yeve silver to the povre freres.
	His typet was ay farsed ful of knyves	tip of the hood always stuffed
	And pynnes, for to yeven faire wyves.
235	And certeinly he hadde a murye note:
	Wel koude he synge and pleyen on a rote;	stringed instrument
	Of yeddynges he baar outrely the pris.
	His nekke whit was as the flour-de-lys;
	Therto he strong was as a champioun.
240	He knew the tavernes wel in every toun
	And everich hostiler and tappestere	barmaid
	Bet than a lazar or a beggestere;
	For unto swich a worthy man as he
	Acorded nat, as by his facultee,
245	To have with sike lazars aqueyntaunce.
	It is nat honest, it may nat avaunce,
	For to deelen with no swich poraille,
	But al with riche and selleres of vitaille.
	And over al, ther as profit sholde arise,
250	Curteis he was and lowely of servyse.
	Ther nas no man nowher so vertuous.
	He was the beste beggere in his hous;
	(and yaf a certeyne ferme for the graunt;	fee
	Noon of his bretheren cam ther in his haunt;)
255	For thogh a wydwe hadde noght a sho,
	So plesaunt was his in principio,
	Yet wolde he have a ferthyng, er he wente.
	His purchas was wel bettre than his rente.
	And rage he koude, as it were right a whelp.
260	In love-dayes ther koude he muchel help,
	For ther he was nat lyk a cloysterer
	With a thredbare cope, as is a povre scoler,
	But he was lyk a maister or a pope.
	Of double worstede was his semycope,	fine cloth cloak
265	That rounded as a belle out of the presse.
	Somwhat he lipsed, for his wantownesse,
	To make his englissh sweete upon his tonge;
	And in his harpyng, whan that he hadde songe,
	His eyen twynkled in his heed aryght,
270	As doon the sterres in the frosty nyght.
	This worthy lymytour was cleped huberd.
	A marchant was ther with a forked berd,
	In mottelee, and hye on horse he sat;
	Upon his heed a flaundryssh bever hat,
275	His bootes clasped faire and fetisly.
	His resons he spak ful solempnely,
	Sownynge alwey th' encrees of his wynnyng.
	He wolde the see were kept for any thyng
	Bitwixe middelburgh and orewelle.
280	Wel koude he in eschaunge sheeldes selle.
	This worthy man ful wel his wit bisette:
	Ther wiste no wight that he was in dette,	knew
	So estatly was he of his governaunce
	With his bargaynes and with his chevyssaunce.
285	For sothe he was a worthy man with alle,
	But, sooth to seyn, I noot how men hym calle.
	A clerk ther was of oxenford also,
	That unto logyk hadde longe ygo.
	As leene was his hors as is a rake,
290	And he nas nat right fat, I undertake,
	But looked holwe, and therto sobrely.
	Ful thredbare was his overeste courtepy;	uppermost
	For he hadde geten hym yet no benefice,
	Ne was so worldly for to have office.
295	For hym was levere have at his beddes heed
	Twenty bookes, clad in blak or reed,
	Of aristotle and his philosophie,
	Than robes riche, or fithele, or gay sautrie.
	But al be that he was a philosophre,
300	Yet hadde he but litel gold in cofre;
	But al that he myghte of his freendes hente,
	On bookes and on lernynge he it spente,
	And bisily gan for the soules preye
	Of hem that yaf hym wherwith to scoleye.	them
305	Of studie took he moost cure and moost heede,
	Noght o word spak he moore than was neede,
	And that was seyd in forme and reverence,
	And short and quyk and ful of hy sentence;
	Sownynge in moral vertu was his speche,
310	And gladly wolde he lerne and gladly teche.
	A sergeant of the lawe, war and wys,	prudent
	That often hadde been at the parvys,	porch of St Paul's Cathedral
	Ther was also, ful riche of excellence.
	Discreet he was and of greet reverence --
315	He semed swich, his wordes weren so wise.
	Justice he was ful often in assise,	court
	By patente and by pleyn commissioun.
	For his science and for his heigh renoun,
	Of fees and robes hadde he many oon.
320	So greet a purchasour was nowher noon:
	Al was fee symple to hym in effect;
	His purchasyng myghte nat been infect.
	Nowher so bisy a man as he ther nas,
	And yet he semed bisier than he was.
325	In termes hadde he caas and doomes alle
	That from the tyme of kyng william were falle.
	Therto he koude endite, and make a thyng,
	Ther koude no wight pynche at his writyng;	person
	And every statut koude he pleyn by rote.
330	He rood but hoomly in a medlee cote.
	Girt with a ceint of silk, with barres smale;
	Of his array telle I no lenger tale.
	A frankeleyn was in his compaignye.
	Whit was his berd as is the dayesye;
335	Of his complexioun he was sangwyn.
	Wel loved he by the morwe a sop in wyn;
	To lyven in delit was evere his wone,
	For he was epicurus owene sone,
	That heeld opinioun that pleyn delit
340	Was verray felicitee parfit.
	An housholdere, and that a greet, was he;
	Seint julian he was in his contree.
	His breed, his ale, was alweys after oon;
	A bettre envyned man was nowher noon.
345	Withoute bake mete was nevere his hous
	Of fissh and flessh, and that so plentevous,
	It snewed in his hous of mete and drynke,
	Of alle deyntees that men koude thynke.
	After the sondry sesons of the yeer,
350	So chaunged he his mete and his soper.
	Ful many a fat partrich hadde he in muwe,
	And many a breem and many a luce in stuwe.	fish-pond
	Wo was his cook but if his sauce were
	Poynaunt and sharp, and redy al his geere.
355	His table dormant in his halle alway
	Stood redy covered al the longe day.
	At sessiouns ther was he lord and sire;
	Ful ofte tyme he was knyght of the shire.
	An anlaas and a gipser al of silk	purse
360	Heeng at his girdel, whit as morne milk.
	A shirreve hadde he been, and a contour.
	Was nowher swich a worthy vavasour.
	An haberdasshere and a carpenter,
	A webbe, a dyere, and a tapycer, --	tapestry maker
365	And they were clothed alle in o lyveree
	Of a solempne and a greet fraternitee.
	Ful fressh and newe hir geere apiked was;	their adorned
	Hir knyves were chaped noght with bras	their mounted
	But al with silver; wroght ful clene and weel
370	Hire girdles and hir pouches everydeel.	Their their
	Wel semed ech of hem a fair burgeys	them
	To sitten in a yeldehalle on a deys.
	Everich, for the wisdom that he kan,
	Was shaply for to been an alderman.
375	For catel hadde they ynogh and rente,
	And eek hir wyves wolde it wel assente;	their
	And elles certeyn were they to blame.
	It is ful fair to been ycleped madame,
	And goon to vigilies al bifore,
380	And have a mantel roialliche ybore.
	A cook they hadde with hem for the nones	them
	To boille the chiknes with the marybones,
	And poudre-marchant tart and galyngale.
	Wel koude he knowe a draughte of londoun ale.
385	He koude rooste, and sethe, and broille, and frye,
	Maken mortreux, and wel bake a pye.
	But greet harm was it, as it thoughte me,
	That on his shyne a mormal hadde he.
	For blankmanger, that made he with the beste.
390	A shipman was ther, wonynge fer by weste;
	For aught I woot, he was of dertemouthe.	know
	He rood upon a rounce, as he kouthe,
	In a gowne of faldyng to the knee.
	A daggere hangynge on a laas hadde he
395	Aboute his nekke, under his arm adoun.
	The hoote somer hadde maad his hewe al broun;
	And certeinly he was a good felawe.
	Ful many a draughte of wyn had he ydrawe
	Fro burdeux-ward, whil that the chapmen sleep.
400	Of nyce conscience took he no keep.
	If that he faught, and hadde the hyer hond,
	By water he sente hem hoom to every lond.	them
	But of his craft to rekene wel his tydes,
	His stremes, and his daungers hym bisides,
405	His herberwe, and his moone, his lodemenage,
	Ther nas noon swich from hulle to cartage.
	Hardy he was and wys to undertake;
	With many a tempest hadde his berd been shake.
	He knew alle the havenes, as they were,
410	Fro gootlond to the cape of fynystere,
	And every cryke in britaigne and in spayne.
	His barge ycleped was the maudelayne.
	With us ther was a doctour of phisik;
	In al this world ne was the noon hym lik,
415	To speke of phisik and of surgerye
	For he was grounded in astronomye.
	He kepte his pacient a ful greet deel
	In houres by his magyk natureel.
	Wel koude he fortunen the ascendent
420	Of his ymages for his pacient.
	He knew the cause of everich maladye,
	Were it of hoot, or coold, or moyste, or drye,
	And where they engendred, and of what humour.
	He was a verray, parfit praktisour:
425	The cause yknowe, and of his harm the roote,
	Anon he yaf the sike man his boote.
	Ful redy hadde he his apothecaries
	To sende hym drogges and his letuaries,
	For ech of hem made oother for to wynne --	them
430	Hir frendshipe nas nat newe to bigynne.	Their
	Wel knew he the olde esculapius,
	And deyscorides, and eek rufus,
	Olde ypocras, haly, and galyen,
	Serapion, razis, and avycen,
435	Averrois, damascien, and constantyn,
	Bernard, and gatesden, and gilbertyn.
	Of his diete mesurable was he,
	For it was of no superfluitee,
	But of greet norissyng and digestible.
440	His studie was but litel on the bible.
	In sangwyn and in pers he clad was al,	blue
	Lyned with taffata and with sendal;
	And yet he was but esy of dispence;
	He kepte that he wan in pestilence.
445	For gold in phisik is a cordial,
	Therefore he lovede gold in special.
	A good wif was ther of biside bathe,
	But she was somdel deef, and that was scathe.	a shame
	Of clooth-makyng she hadde swich an haunt,
450	She passed hem of ypres and of gaunt.	them
	In al the parisshe wif ne was ther noon
	That to the offrynge bifore hire sholde goon;
	And if ther dide, certeyn so wrooth was she,
	That she was out of alle charitee.
455	Hir coverchiefs ful fyne weren of ground;
	I dorste swere they weyeden ten pound
	That on a sonday weren upon hir heed.
	Hir hosen weren of fyn scarlet reed,
	Ful streite yteyd, and shoes ful moyste and newe.
460	Boold was hir face, and fair, and reed of hewe.
	She was a worthy womman al hir lyve:
	Housbondes at chirche dore she hadde fyve,
	Withouten oother compaignye in youthe, --
	But therof nedeth nat to speke as nowthe.
465	And thries hadde she been at jerusalem;
	She hadde passed many a straunge strem;
	At rome she hadde been, and at boloigne,
	In galice at seint-jame, and at coloigne.
	She koude muchel of wandrynge by the weye.
470	Gat-tothed was she, soothly for to seye.
	Upon an amblere esily she sat,
	Ywympled wel, and on hir heed an hat
	As brood as is a bokeler or a targe;	shield
	A foot-mantel aboute hir hipes large,
475	And on hir feet a paire of spores sharpe.
	In felaweshipe wel koude she laughe and carpe.
	Of remedies of love she knew per chaunce,
	For she koude of that art the olde daunce.
	A good man was ther of religioun,
480	And was a povre persoun of a toun,
	But riche he was of hooly thoght and werk.
	He was also a lerned man, a clerk,
	That cristes gospel trewely wolde preche;
	His parisshens devoutly wolde he teche.
485	Benygne he was, and wonder diligent,
	And in adversitee ful pacient,
	And swich he was ypreved ofte sithes.	times
	Ful looth were hym to cursen for his tithes,
	But rather wolde he yeven, out of doute,
490	Unto his povre parisshens aboute
	Of his offryng and eek of his substaunce.
	He koude in litel thyng have suffisaunce.
	Wyd was his parisshe, and houses fer asonder,
	But he ne lefte nat, for reyn ne thonder,
495	In siknesse nor in meschief to visite
	The ferreste in his parisshe, muche and lite,
	Upon his feet, and in his hand a staf.
	This noble ensample to his sheep he yaf,
	That first he wroghte, and afterward he taughte.
500	Out of the gospel he tho wordes caughte,
	And this figure he added eek therto,
	That if gold ruste, what shal iren do?
	For if a preest be foul, on whom we truste,
	No wonder is a lewed man to ruste;
505	And shame it is, if a prest take keep,
	A shiten shepherde and a clene sheep.
	Wel oghte a preest ensample for to yive,
	By his clennesse, how that his sheep sholde lyve.
	He sette nat his benefice to hyre
510	And leet his sheep encombred in the myre
	And ran to londoun unto seinte poules
	To seken hym a chaunterie for soules,
	Or with a bretherhed to been withholde;
	But dwelte at hoom, and kepte wel his folde,
515	So that the wolf ne made it nat myscarie;
	He was a shepherde and noght a mercenarie.
	And though he hooly were and vertuous,
	He was to synful men nat despitous,
	Ne of his speche daungerous ne digne,
520	But in his techyng discreet and benygne.
	To drawen folk to hevene by fairnesse,
	By good ensample, this was his bisynesse.
	But it were any persone obstinat,
	What so he were, of heigh or lough estat,
525	Hym wolde he snybben sharply for the nonys.
	A bettre preest I trowe that nowher noon ys.	believe
	He waited after no pompe and reverence,
	Ne maked him a spiced conscience,
	But cristes loore and his apostles twelve
530	He taughte, but first he folwed it hymselve.
	With hym ther was a plowman, was his brother,
	That hadde ylad of dong ful many a fother;	cartload
	A trewe swynkere and a good was he,
	Lyvynge in pees and parfit charitee.
535	God loved he best with al his hoole herte
	At alle tymes, thogh him gamed or smerte,
	And thanne his neighebor right as hymselve.
	He wolde thresshe, and therto dyke and delve,
	For cristes sake, for every povre wight,	person
540	Withouten hire, if it lay in his myght.
	His tithes payde he ful faire and wel,
	Bothe of his propre swynk and his catel.
	In a tabard he rood upon a mere.	loose workman's garment
	Ther was also a reve, and a millere,
545	A maunciple, and myself -- ther were namo.
	The millere was a stout carl for the nones;
	Ful byg he was of brawn, and eek of bones.
	That proved wel, for over al ther he cam,
	At wrastlynge he wolde have alwey the ram.
550	He was short-sholdred, brood, a thikke knarre;
	Ther was no dore that he nolde heve of harre,	hinges
	Or breke it at a rennyng with his heed.
	His berd as any sowe or fox was reed,
	And therto brood, as though it were a spade.
555	Upon the cop right of his nose he hade
	A werte, and theron stood a toft of herys,
	Reed as the brustles of a sowes erys;
	His nosethirles blake were and wyde.
	A swerd and bokeler bar he by his syde.
560	His mouth as greet was as a greet forneys.
	He was a janglere and a goliardeys,
	And that was moost of synne and harlotries.
	Wel koude he stelen corn and tollen thries;
	And yet he hadde a thombe of gold, pardee.	indeed; French par Dieu (by God)
565	A whit cote and a blew hood wered he.
	A baggepipe wel koude he blowe and sowne,
	And therwithal he broghte us out of towne.
	A gentil maunciple was ther of a temple,
	Of which achatours myghte take exemple
570	For to be wise in byynge of vitaille;
	For wheither that he payde or took by taille,
	Algate he wayted so in his achaat	purchases
	That he was ay biforn and in good staat.	always
	Now is nat that of God a ful fair grace
575	That swich a lewed mannes wit shal pace
	The wisdom of an heep of lerned men?
	Of maistres hadde he mo than thries ten,
	That weren of lawe expert and curious,
	Of which ther were a duszeyne in that hous
580	Worthy to been stywardes of rente and lond
	Of any lord that is in engelond,
	To make hym lyve by his propre good
	In honour dettelees (but if he were wood),	mad
	Or lyve as scarsly as hym list desire;
585	And able for to helpen al a shire
	In any caas that myghte falle or happe;
	And yet this manciple sette hir aller cappe.
	The reve was a sclendre colerik man.	official
	His berd was shave as ny as ever he kan;
590	His heer was by his erys ful round yshorn;
	His top was dokked lyk a preest biforn
	Ful longe were his legges and ful lene,
	Ylyk a staf, ther was no calf ysene.
	Wel koude he kepe a gerner and a bynne;
595	Ther was noon auditour koude on him wynne.
	Wel wiste he by the droghte and by the reyn	knew
	The yeldynge of his seed and of his greyn.
	His lordes sheep, his neet, his dayerye,
	His swyn, his hors, his stoor, and his pultrye
600	Was hoolly in this reves governynge,	official's
	And by his covenant yaf the rekenynge,
	Syn that his lord was twenty yeer of age.
	Ther koude no man brynge hym in arrerage.
	Ther nas baillif, ne hierde, nor oother hyne,
605	That he ne knew his sleighte and his covyne;
	They were adrad of hym as of the deeth.
	His wonyng was ful faire upon an heeth;
	With grene trees yshadwed was his place.
	He koude bettre than his lord purchace.
610	Ful riche he was astored pryvely:
	His lord wel koude he plesen subtilly,
	To yeve and lene hym of his owene good,
	And have a thank, and yet a cote and hood.
	In youthe he hadde lerned a good myster;	profession
615	He was a wel good wrighte, a carpenter.	craftsman
	This reve sat upon a ful good stot,	official horse
	That was al pomely grey and highte scot.	was called
	A long surcote of pers upon he hade,	blue
	And by his syde he baar a rusty blade.
620	Of northfolk was this reve of which I telle,	official
	Biside a toun men clepen baldeswelle.
	Tukked he was as is a frere aboute,
	And evere he rood the hyndreste of oure route.
	A somonour was ther with us in that place,
625	That hadde a fyr-reed cherubynnes face,
	For saucefleem he was, with eyen narwe.
	As hoot he was and lecherous as a sparwe,
	With scalled browes blake and piled berd.
	Of his visage children were aferd.
630	Ther nas quyk-silver, lytarge, ne brymstoon,
	Boras, ceruce, ne oille of tartre noon;
	Ne oynement that wolde clense and byte,
	That hym myghte helpen of his whelkes white,
	Nor of the knobbes sittynge on his chekes.
635	Wel loved he garleek, oynons, and eek lekes,
	And for to drynken strong wyn, reed as blood;
	Thanne wolde he speke and crie as he were wood.	mad
	And whan that he wel dronken hadde the wyn,
	Thanne wolde he speke no word but latyn.
640	A fewe termes hadde he, two or thre,
	That he had lerned out of som decree --
	No wonder is, he herde it al the day;
	And eek ye knowen wel how that a jay
	Kan clepen watte as wel as kan the pope.
645	But whoso koude in oother thyng hym grope,
	Thanne hadde he spent al his philosophie;
	Ay questio quid iuris wolde he crie.	ever
	He was a gentil harlot and a kynde;
	A bettre felawe sholde men noght fynde.
650	He wolde suffre for a quart of wyn
	A good felawe to have his concubyn
	A twelf month, and excuse hym atte fulle;
	Ful prively a fynch eek koude he pulle.
	And if he foond owher a good felawe,
655	He wolde techen him to have noon awe
	In swich caas of the ercedekenes curs,
	But if a mannes soule were in his purs;
	For in his purs he sholde ypunysshed be.
	Purs is the ercedekenes helle, seyde he.
660	But wel I woot he lyed right in dede;	know
	Of cursyng oghte ech gilty man him drede,
	For curs wol slee right as assoillyng savith,
	And also war hym of a significavit.
	In daunger hadde he at his owene gise
665	The yonge girles of the diocise,
	And knew hir conseil, and was al hir reed.	their their adviser
	A gerland hadde he set upon his heed
	As greet as it were for an ale-stake.
	A bokeleer hadde he maad hym of a cake.
670	With hym ther rood a gentil pardoner
	Of rouncivale, his freend and his compeer,	companion
	That streight was comen fro the court of rome.
	Ful loude he soong com hider, love, to me!
	This somonour bar to hym a stif burdoun;
675	Was nevere trompe of half so greet a soun.
	This pardoner hadde heer as yelow as wex,
	But smothe it heeng as dooth a strike of flex;	clump
	By ounces henge his lokkes that he hadde,
	And therwith he his shuldres overspradde;
680	But thynne it lay, by colpons oon and oon.
	But hood, for jolitee, wered he noon,
	For it was trussed up in his walet.
	Hym thoughte he rood al of the newe jet;
	Dischevelee, save his cappe, he rood al bare.
685	Swiche glarynge eyen hadde he as an hare.
	A vernycle hadde he sowed upon his cappe.
	His walet lay biforn hym in his lappe,
	Bretful of pardoun, comen from rome al hoot.
	A voys he hadde as smal as hath a goot.
690	No berd hadde he, ne nevere sholde have;
	As smothe it was as it were late shave.
	I trowe he were a geldyng or a mare.	believe
	But of his craft, fro berwyk into ware,
	Ne was ther swich another pardoner
695	For in his male he hadde a pilwe-beer,
	Which that he seyde was oure lady veyl:
	He seyde he hadde a gobet of the seyl
	That seint peter hadde, whan that he wente
	Upon the see, til jhesu crist hym hente.
700	He hadde a croys of latoun ful of stones,
	And in a glas he hadde pigges bones.
	But with thise relikes, whan that he fond
	A povre person dwellynge upon lond,
	Upon a day he gat hym moore moneye
705	Than that the person gat in monthes tweye;
	And thus, with feyned flaterye and japes,	tricks
	He made the person and the peple his apes.
	But trewely to tellen atte laste,
	He was in chirche a noble ecclesiaste.
710	Wel koude he rede a lessoun or a storie,
	But alderbest he song an offertorie;
	For wel he wiste, whan that song was songe,	knew
	He moste preche and wel affile his tonge
	To wynne silver, as he ful wel koude;
715	Therefore he song the murierly and loude.
	Now have I toold you soothly, in a clause,
	Th' estaat, th' array, the nombre, and eek the cause
	Why that assembled was this compaignye
	In southwerk at this gentil hostelrye
720	That highte the tabard, faste by the belle.	was called
	But now is tyme to yow for to telle
	How that we baren us that ilke nyght,
	Whan we were in that hostelrie alyght;
	And after wol I telle of our viage
725	And al the remenaunt of oure pilgrimage.
	But first I pray yow, of youre curteisye,
	That ye n' arette it nat my vileynye,
	Thogh that I pleynly speke in this mateere,
	To telle yow hir wordes and hir cheere,	their their
730	Ne thogh I speke hir wordes proprely.	their
	For this ye knowen al so wel as I,
	Whoso shal telle a tale after a man,
	He moot reherce as ny as evere he kan
	Everich a word, if it be in his charge,
735	Al speke he never so rudeliche and large,
	Or ellis he moot telle his tale untrewe,
	Or feyne thyng, or fynde wordes newe.
	He may nat spare, althogh he were his brother;
	He moot as wel seye o word as another.
740	Crist spak hymself ful brode in hooly writ,
	And wel ye woot no vileynye is it.	know
	Eek plato seith, whoso that kan hym rede,
	The wordes moote be cosyn to the dede.
	Also I prey yow to foryeve it me,
745	Al have I nat set folk in hir degree	their
	Heere in this tale, as that they sholde stonde.
	My wit is short, ye may wel understonde.
	Greet chiere made oure hoost us everichon,
	And to the soper sette he us anon.
750	He served us with vitaille at the beste;
	Strong was the wyn, and wel to drynke us leste.
	A semely man oure hooste was withalle
	For to han been a marchal in an halle.
	A large man he was with eyen stepe --
755	A fairer burgeys is ther noon in chepe --
	Boold of his speche, and wys, and wel ytaught,
	And of manhod hym lakkede right naught.
	Eek therto he was right a myrie man,
	And after soper pleyen he bigan,
760	And spak of myrthe amonges othere thynges,
	Whan that we hadde maad oure rekenynges,
	And seyde thus: now, lordynges, trewely,
	Ye been to me right welcome, hertely;
	For by my trouthe, if that I shal nat lye,
765	I saugh nat this yeer so myrie a compaignye
	Atones in this herberwe as is now.	accommodation
	Fayn wolde I doon yow myrthe, wiste I how.	knew
	And of a myrthe I am right now bythoght,
	To doon yow ese, and it shal coste noght.
770	Ye goon to caunterbury -- God yow speede,
	The blisful martir quite yow youre meede!
	And wel I woot, as ye goon by the weye,	know
	Ye shapen yow to talen and to pleye;
	For trewely, confort ne myrthe is noon
775	To ride by the weye doumb as a stoon;
	And therfore wol I maken yow disport,
	As I seyde erst, and doon yow som confort.	earlier
	And if yow liketh alle by oon assent
	For to stonden at my juggement,
780	And for to werken as I shal yow seye,
	To-morwe, whan ye riden by the weye,
	Now, by my fader soule that is deed,
	But ye be myrie, I wol yeve yow myn heed!
	Hoold up youre hondes, withouten moore speche.
785	Oure conseil was nat longe for to seche.
	Us thoughte it was noght worth to make it wys,
	And graunted hym withouten moore avys,
	And bad him seye his voirdit as hym leste.
	Lordynges, quod he, now herkneth for the beste;
790	But taak it nought, I prey yow, in desdeyn.
	This is the poynt, to speken short and pleyn,
	That ech of yow, to shorte with oure weye,
	In this viage shal telle tales tweye
	To caunterbury-ward, I mene it so,
795	And homward he shal tellen othere two,
	Of aventures that whilom han bifalle.
	And which of yow that bereth hym best of alle,
	That is to seyn, that telleth in this caas
	Tales of best sentence and moost solaas,
800	Shal have a soper at oure aller cost
	Heere in this place, sittynge by this post,
	Whan that we come agayn fro caunterbury.
	And for to make yow the moore mury,
	I wol myselven goodly with yow ryde,
805	Right at myn owene cost, and be youre gyde,
	And whoso wole my juggement withseye	speak against
	Shal paye al that we spenden by the weye.
	And if ye vouche sauf that it be so,
	Tel me anon, withouten wordes mo,
810	And I wol erly shape me therfore.
	This thyng was graunted, and oure othes swore
	With ful glad herte, and preyden hym also
	That he wolde vouche sauf for to do so,
	And that he wolde been oure governour,
815	And oure tales juge and reportour,
	And sette a soper at a certeyn pris,
	And we wol reuled been at his devys
	In heigh and lough; and thus by oon assent
	We been acorded to his juggement.
820	And therupon the wyn was fet anon;
	We dronken, and to reste wente echon,
	Withouten any lenger taryynge.
	Amorwe, whan that day bigan to sprynge,	In the morning
	Up roos oure hoost, and was oure aller cok,
825	And gradrede us togidre alle in a flok,
	And forth we riden a litel moore than paas	a walk
	Unto the wateryng of seint thomas;
	And there oure hoost bigan his hors areste
	And seyde, lordynges, herkneth, if yow leste.
830	Ye woot youre foreward, and I it yow recorde.	know
	If even-song and morwe-song accorde,
	Lat se now who shal telle the firste tale.
	As evere mote I drynke wyn or ale,
	Whoso be rebel to my juggement
835	Shal paye for al that by the wey is spent.
	Now draweth cut, er that we ferrer twynne;
	He which that hath the shorteste shal bigynne.
	Sire knyght, quod he, my mayster and my lord,
	Now draweth cut, for that is myn accord.
840	Cometh neer, quod he, my lady prioresse.
	And ye, sire clerk, lat be youre shamefastnesse,
	Ne studieth noght; ley hond to, every man!
	Anon to drawen every wight bigan,	person
	And shortly for to tellen as it was,
845	Were it by aventure, or sort, or cas,	luck
	The sothe is this, the cut fil to the knyght,
	Of which ful blithe and glad was every wyght,	person
	And telle he moste his tale, as was resoun,
	By foreward and by composicioun,
850	As ye han herd; what nedeth wordes mo?
	And whan this goode man saugh that it was so,
	As he that wys was and obedient
	To kepe his foreward by his free assent,
	He seyde, syn I shal bigynne the game,
855	What, welcome be the cut, a goddes name!	in
	Now lat us ryde, and herkneth what I seye.
	And with that word we ryden forth oure weye,
	And he bigan with right a myrie cheere
	His tale anon, and seyde as ye may heere.

Instructions